Git Introduction

What is Git?

Git is a distributed version control system. It helps to track changes in files, typically source code. It allows to collaborate with group of people without overwriting eachother's work.

Git Installation

On macOS

Git comes bundled with the Command Line Tools for Xcode. To check if it’s installed, open Terminal and type:

git --version

or

git -v

Setting Personal Info to Git

Git requires you to set your name and email before you start committing changes. This information is stored in your commits.

git config --global user.name "yourusername"

git config --global user.email "youremail@example.com"

Basic Commands

follow along step by step:

Create a folder/ directory called git_module

mkdir git_module
cd git_module

Create a subfolder called first_app

mkdir first_app
cd first_app

list files in the directory

  ls -l

Create a new file in the directory.

 nano file1.txt

In the text editor, write some texts 7. Ctrl+X and press Y
Initialize your git repository

git init

By this step, you have succesfully initialized a git repo

Spoonfeed git changes

Git doesn’t automatically track changes in your files. You need to tell Git when a file is added, modified, or deleted.

Files that Git doesn’t know about are called untracked files.

Untracked files aren’t included in commits, and Git won’t keep a history of them until you explicitly add them.

If an untracked file is deleted before being added, Git cannot recover it.

Tip: Always use git status to see which files are untracked, modified, or staged for commit.

Untracked files are in red:

Git Workflow

Adding git files

This is adding untracked files.

git add filename.txt

Here, the files are transformed from unstaging areas to staging area.

If you have mutilple untracked files, then you can track it all at once.

git add .

Git Status

To check the status of git:

git status

Git Workflow

Files that Git already knows about. If changes are staged for commit, they appear in green..
New files Git doesn’t know about yet. These appear in red.

commit changes

Commits the staged changes to the repository. It basically snapshots your repo at a specific point. In other words, it is recording the changes in the repo.

git commit

This opens a text editor to type your commit.

Press I to enable Insert.
Type your commit message.
Press Escape key.
type :wq and press Enter.

If you are smart then just do: (Quick Commit)

git commit -m "your commit message"

commit history

View your commit history.

git log

This will display commit hash, Author, Date and Commit message.

Summary

Create a local repo: git init
When we create a new file in the repo, git is unaware of it.
git add filename.extension
Now git is in staging area and git is aware of the file.
git commit -m "commit message"
git status
git log